Definition of "curse"

If ye will not heare, and if yee will not lay it to heart, to giue glory vnto my name, saith the Lord of hostes; I will euen send a curse vpon you, and will curse your blessings: yea, I haue cursed them already, because yee doe not lay it to heart.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], Malachi 2:2

The common curſe of mankinde, Folly and Ignorance […]

c. 1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Famous Historie of Troylus and Cresseid. […] (First Quarto), London: […] G[eorge] Eld for R[ichard] Bonian and H[enry] Walley, […], published 1609, [Act II, scene iii]

Swearing doesn't just mean what we now understand by "dirty words". It is entwined, in social and linguistic history, with the other sort of swearing: vows and oaths. Consider for a moment the origins of almost any word we have for bad language – "profanity", "curses", "oaths" and "swearing" itself.

2013 June 14, Sam Leith, “Where the profound meets the profane”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 1, page 37

And Balaam said unto God, Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab, hath sent unto me, saying,Behold, there is a people come out of Egypt, which covereth the face of the earth: come now, curse me them; peradventure I shall be able to overcome them, and drive them out.And God said unto Balaam, Thou shalt not go with them; thou shalt not curse the people: for they are blessed.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], Numbers 22:10–12

Captain Edward Carlisle […] felt a curious sensation of helplessness seize upon him as he met her steady gaze, […] ; he could not tell what this prisoner might do. He cursed the fate which had assigned such a duty, cursed especially that fate which forced a gallant soldier to meet so superb a woman as this under handicap so hard.

1910, Emerson Hough, “A Lady in Company”, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company

Thou ſhalt not […] curſe the ruler of thy people.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], Exodus 22:28, column 1

Then beganne hee to curſe and to ſweare […]

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], Matthew 26:74, column 2

[…] his Spirits heare me, / And yet I needes muſt curſe.

1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, [Act II, scene ii], page 9, column 1

On Impious Realms, and barb’rous Kings, impoſe / Thy Plagues, and curſe 'em with ſuch Sons as thoſe.

1712 May, [Alexander] Pope, transl., “The First Book of Statius his Thebais”, in Miscellaneous Poems and Translations. […], London: […] Bernard Lintott […], page 29