Definition of "surplus"

surplus

/ˈsɝˌplʌs/

noun
countable and uncountable, plural surpluses or surplusses
1. That which remains when use or need is satisfied, or when a limit is reached; excess; overplus.
2. Specifically, an amount in the public treasury at any time greater than is required for the ordinary purposes of the government.
3. (law) The remainder of a fund appropriated for a particular purpose.
4. (law) assets left after liabilities and debts, including capital stock have been deducted.
adjective
not comparable
1. Being or constituting a surplus; more than sufficient.
  Quotations
  But to return to where we left her, I see her still, propped up in a kind of stupor against one of the walls in which this wretched edifice abounds, her long grey greasy hair framing in its cowl of scrofulous mats a face where pallor, languor, hunger, acne, recent dirt, immemorial chagrin and surplus hair seemed to dispute the mastery.
  1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, Olympia Press
  An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic the way real kidneys cleanse blood and eject impurities and surplus water as urine.
  2013 June 1, “A better waterworks”, in The Economist‎, volume 407, number 8838, page 5 (Technology Quarterly)
verb
third-person singular simple present surpluses or surplusses, present participle surplussing or surplusing, simple past and past participle surplussed or surplused
1. (transitive) To treat as surplus to requirements; to sell off or dismiss from employment, etc.
  Quotations
  This employee was engaged to direct asphalt plants and inasmuch as the work for which he had been employed was completed, he was surplused and his return travel was approved […]
  1952, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations, Moroccan air base construction. 2 v, page 618